{"id":8033,"date":"2022-06-21T20:39:28","date_gmt":"2022-06-21T20:39:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wwwcenmncl.com\/?page_id=8033"},"modified":"2025-01-09T21:23:06","modified_gmt":"2025-01-09T21:23:06","slug":"graderias","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.memoriaestadionacional.cl\/en\/graderias\/","title":{"rendered":"Grader\u00edas"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"wpb-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"vc-row-container vc-row-container--stretch-content-no-spaces\"><div data-vc-full-width=\"true\"  data-vc-full-width-init=\"false\" data-vc-stretch-content=\"true\" class=\"vc_row wpb_row vc_row-fluid vc_row-no-padding\"><div class=\"wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-12\"><div class=\"vc_column-inner\"><div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\n\t\t\t<!-- START Graderias REVOLUTION SLIDER 6.7.41 --><p class=\"rs-p-wp-fix\"><\/p>\n\t\t\t<rs-module-wrap id=\"rev_slider_7_1_wrapper\" data-source=\"gallery\" style=\"visibility:hidden;background:transparent;padding:0;margin:0px auto;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;\">\n\t\t\t\t<rs-module id=\"rev_slider_7_1\" style=\"\" data-version=\"6.7.41\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<rs-slides style=\"overflow: hidden; position: absolute;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<rs-slide style=\"position: absolute;\" data-key=\"rs-7\" data-title=\"Slide\" data-in=\"o:0;\" data-out=\"a:false;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/\/www.memoriaestadionacional.cl\/wp-content\/plugins\/revslider\/sr6\/assets\/assets\/dummy.png\" alt=\"\" title=\"graderia\" width=\"1080\" height=\"608\" class=\"rev-slidebg tp-rs-img rs-lazyload\" data-lazyload=\"\/\/www.memoriaestadionacional.cl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/graderia.jpg\" data-no-retina>\n<!--\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t--><rs-layer\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tid=\"slider-7-slide-7-layer-0\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tclass=\"rs-layer-audio\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-type=\"audio\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-rsp_ch=\"on\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-xy=\"x:c;y:m;yo:200px,200px,200px,136px;\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-text=\"w:normal;s:20,20,20,7;l:0,0,0,9;\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-dim=\"w:350,350,350,315px;h:54,54,54,56px;\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-video=\"w:350,350,350,315px;h:54,54,54,56px;p:auto;ap:false;vc:true;nse:false;l:false;vd:100;ptimer:true;\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-mp4=\"\/\/www.memoriaestadionacional.cl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Graderias-enhanced.wav\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-frame_999=\"o:0;st:w;\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tstyle=\"z-index:11;\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t> \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/rs-layer><!--\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t--><rs-layer\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tid=\"slider-7-slide-7-layer-1\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-type=\"text\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-color=\"#fff\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-rsp_ch=\"on\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-xy=\"x:c;xo:45px,45px,45px,28px;y:m;yo:98px,98px,98px,70px;\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-text=\"w:normal;s:30,30,30,25;l:40,40,40,35;ls:1px,1px,1px,0px;fw:700;\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-dim=\"minh:0px,0px,0px,none;\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-frame_999=\"o:0;st:w;\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tstyle=\"z-index:10;font-family:'Roboto';text-transform:uppercase;\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t><div style=\"letter-spacing: 1px;\">AUDIOGU\u00cdA<\/div> \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/rs-layer><!--\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t--><rs-layer\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tid=\"slider-7-slide-7-layer-2\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-type=\"image\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-rsp_ch=\"on\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-xy=\"xo:506px,506px,506px,147px;yo:471px,471px,471px,295px;\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-text=\"w:normal;s:20,20,20,7;l:0,0,0,9;\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-dim=\"w:50px,50px,50px,30px;h:50px,50px,50px,30px;\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-frame_999=\"o:0;st:w;\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tstyle=\"z-index:12;\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/\/www.memoriaestadionacional.cl\/wp-content\/plugins\/revslider\/sr6\/assets\/assets\/dummy.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"tp-rs-img rs-lazyload\" width=\"200\" height=\"200\" data-lazyload=\"\/\/www.memoriaestadionacional.cl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/audio.png\" data-no-retina> \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/rs-layer><!--\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t--><rs-layer\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tid=\"slider-7-slide-7-layer-3\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-type=\"text\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-color=\"#fff\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-rsp_ch=\"on\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-xy=\"x:c;y:m;yo:-120px,-120px,-120px,-80px;\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-text=\"w:normal;s:50,50,50,32;l:60,60,60,36;ls:1px,1px,1px,0px;fw:500;a:left,left,left,center;\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-dim=\"minh:0px,0px,0px,none;\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-frame_999=\"o:0;st:w;\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tstyle=\"z-index:7;font-family:'Roboto';text-transform:uppercase;\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t>Grader\u00edas \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/rs-layer><!--\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t--><rs-layer\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tid=\"slider-7-slide-7-layer-4\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-type=\"text\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-color=\"#fff\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-rsp_ch=\"on\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-xy=\"x:c;y:m;yo:-200px,-200px,-200px,-150px;\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-text=\"w:normal;s:25,25,25,18;l:35,35,35,22;ls:1px,1px,1px,0px;fw:700;a:left,left,left,center;\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-dim=\"minh:0px,0px,0px,none;\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-frame_999=\"o:0;st:w;\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tstyle=\"z-index:9;font-family:'Roboto';text-transform:uppercase;\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t><div style=\"letter-spacing: 1px;\"><span style=\"color: #ffab00; font-size: 18px;\">[<\/span>SITIOS DE MEMORIA<span style=\"color: #ffab00; font-size: 18px;\">]<\/span<br \/>\n<\/div> \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/rs-layer><!--\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t--><rs-layer\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tid=\"slider-7-slide-7-layer-5\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-type=\"shape\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-rsp_ch=\"on\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-xy=\"x:c;y:m;yo:-170px,-170px,-170px,-120px;\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-text=\"w:normal;s:20,20,20,7;l:0,0,0,9;\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-dim=\"w:180px,180px,180px,69px;h:5px,5px,5px,1px;\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-frame_999=\"o:0;st:w;\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tstyle=\"z-index:8;background-color:#ffab00;\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t> \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/rs-layer><!--\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t--><rs-layer\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tid=\"slider-7-slide-7-layer-6\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-type=\"shape\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-rsp_ch=\"on\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-text=\"w:normal;s:20,20,20,7;l:0,0,0,9;\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-dim=\"w:100%;h:100%;\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-basealign=\"slide\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-frame_999=\"o:0;st:w;\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tstyle=\"z-index:6;background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0.5);\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t> \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/rs-layer><!--\n-->\t\t\t\t\t<\/rs-slide>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/rs-slides>\n\t\t\t\t<\/rs-module>\n\t\t\t\t<script>\n\t\t\t\t\tsetREVStartSize({c: 'rev_slider_7_1',rl:[1240,1240,1240,480],el:[800,800,800,480],gw:[1240,1240,1240,480],gh:[800,800,800,480],type:'hero',justify:'',layout:'fullwidth',mh:\"0\"});if (window.RS_MODULES!==undefined && window.RS_MODULES.modules!==undefined && window.RS_MODULES.modules[\"revslider71\"]!==undefined) {window.RS_MODULES.modules[\"revslider71\"].once = false;window.revapi7 = undefined;if (window.RS_MODULES.checkMinimal!==undefined) window.RS_MODULES.checkMinimal()}\n\t\t\t\t<\/script>\n\t\t\t<\/rs-module-wrap>\n\t\t\t<!-- END REVOLUTION SLIDER -->\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"vc-row-container container\"><div class=\"vc_row wpb_row vc_row-fluid\"><div class=\"wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-12\"><div class=\"vc_column-inner\"><div class=\"wpb_wrapper\"><div class=\"vc_empty_space\"   style=\"height: 100px\"><span class=\"vc_empty_space_inner\"><\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"vc-row-container container\"><div class=\"vc_row wpb_row vc_row-fluid\"><div class=\"wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-12\"><div class=\"vc_column-inner\"><div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\n\t<div class=\"wpb_text_column wpb_content_element\" >\n\t\t<div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\n\t\t\t<p>Los detenidos quedaron encerrados en camarines y escotillas d\u00eda y noche hasta el 22 de septiembre. Ese d\u00eda por primera vez les permitieron subir a las grader\u00edas. Delegados de la Cruz Roja Internacional visitaron el estadio y se autoriz\u00f3 el ingreso de la prensa, la que registr\u00f3 gr\u00e1ficamente muchas escenas vividas all\u00ed por los prisioneros y prisioneras.<\/p>\n<p>Desde el hacinamiento en los camarines y las escotillas, los militares sacaban diariamente a los prisioneros a las grader\u00edas. Ah\u00ed ellos ten\u00edan la posibilidad de encontrarse con otros detenidos en distintos lugares de reclusi\u00f3n, intercambiar informaci\u00f3n y tratar de matar el tiempo. La inventiva permiti\u00f3 que con algunos pedacitos de cart\u00f3n provenientes de cajas de pasta dental o de cigarrillos se fabricaran juegos de domin\u00f3, ajedrez o naipes.<\/p>\n<p>Seg\u00fan han relatado ex prisioneros, mientras se permanec\u00eda en las grader\u00edas, se hizo habitual mirar al jardinero que manten\u00eda la cancha y el pasto con su m\u00e1quina, como una forma de distraer su atenci\u00f3n de las atrocidades que estaban viviendo. Cada vez que pasaba la cortadora de pasto por los arcos, se escuchaba el grito de gol al un\u00edsono de los detenidos que estaban en las grader\u00edas.<\/p>\n<p>Desde los primeros d\u00edas funcion\u00f3 un mercado negro de cigarrillos, hojas de afeitar y chocolates al interior del estadio, que en su mayor\u00eda eran robados de las encomiendas de los familiares, propiciado por los mismos militares, quienes tambi\u00e9n usaron para este mercado negro, productos que ven\u00edan de los allanamientos a domicilios.<\/p>\n<p>Toda la pista de cenizas del estadio estaba custodiada por soldados que manten\u00edan la potente ametralladora Punto 30 apuntando a los detenidos. Otros soldados vigilaban desde lo alto de las grader\u00edas.<\/p>\n<p>Desde las grader\u00edas se ve\u00eda la Tribuna Presidencial. Al interior, en el segundo piso, funcionaba la oficina de inteligencia y desde ah\u00ed operaba la plana mayor de los equipos de interrogadores\/torturadores. Los interrogatorios y torturas se realizaban en varios lugares del estadio: debajo de la marquesina, en algunos pasillos, en salas ubicadas en ese segundo piso, y en el vel\u00f3dromo. En estos dos \u00faltimos lugares las torturas fueron m\u00e1s feroces.<\/p>\n<p>Los nombres de quienes ser\u00edan interrogados eran llamados por altoparlantes por el suboficial Oziel Severino, instalado en la oficina de inteligencia del segundo piso. Las personas nombradas deb\u00edan bajar al disco negro ubicado en la pista de ceniza para partir a su interrogatorio, en grupos, ya sea al segundo piso o al vel\u00f3dromo.<\/p>\n<p>Los grupos de detenidos que sal\u00edan en las ma\u00f1anas al vel\u00f3dromo volv\u00edan con dificultades para caminar, malheridos, apoyados en sus compa\u00f1eros, cojeando. Algunos regresaban en camillas improvisadas de frazadas, llevados por sus propios compa\u00f1eros, mientras que otros no llegar\u00edan de vuelta, siendo dejados directamente al hospital de campa\u00f1a. Algunos no regresar\u00edan nunca.<\/p>\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"vc-row-container container\"><div class=\"vc_row wpb_row vc_row-fluid\"><div class=\"wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-12\"><div class=\"vc_column-inner\"><div class=\"wpb_wrapper\"><div class=\"vc_empty_space\"   style=\"height: 50px\"><span class=\"vc_empty_space_inner\"><\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"vc-row-container container\"><div class=\"vc_row wpb_row vc_row-fluid\"><div class=\"wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-12\"><div class=\"vc_column-inner\"><div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\n\t<div class=\"wpb_text_column wpb_content_element\" >\n\t\t<div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\n\t\t\t<p><span style=\"color: #808080;\"><em>The detainees were locked up in dressing rooms and hatches day and night until September 22. That day, for the first time, they were allowed to go up to the stands. Delegates from the International Red Cross visited the stadium, and the entry of the press was authorized, which graphically recorded many scenes experienced there by the prisoners.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #808080;\"><em>From the overcrowding in the dressing rooms and hatches, the military daily took the prisoners to the stands. There they had the possibility of meeting others who were in different places of confinement; some tried to talk to others in order to get more information about the situation,\u00a0 or just trying to kill time.\u00a0<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #808080;\"><em>Ingenuity allowed the manufacture of dominoes or playing cards with some small pieces of cardboard from toothpaste or cigarette boxes. The stands and seats were also used to split and make game pieces such as dominoes, playing cards, chess, and checkers.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #808080;\"><em>From the early days, a black market for cigarettes, razor blades, and chocolates operated inside the stadium, which were mostly stolen from packages sent by relatives, facilitated by the same military personnel who also used products obtained from home raids for this black market.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #808080;\"><em>The entire ash track of the stadium was guarded by soldiers who kept the powerful Point 30 machine gun, aimed at the detainees. Other soldiers watched the prisoners from the top of the bleachers.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #808080;\"><em>From there, the Presidential Tribune, at the other side, could be seen. Inside it, on the second floor, the top ranks of the interrogation and torture teams operated. Interrogations and tortures were carried out in several places in the stadium: under the marquee, in some corridors, in rooms located on that second floor, and in the stadium\u2019s Cycle Track.\u00a0 \u00a0 In these last two places, the tortures were more ferocious.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #808080;\"><em>In the presidential tribunes there where rooms reserved for teams (called &#8220;prosecutors&#8221;) from the Navy and Carabineros and groups of agents from countries such as Brazil and Bolivia, who interrogated their compatriots. The Air Force and the Army preferably used the Cycle Track for torture and interrogation.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #808080;\"><em>The names of those who were to be interrogated were called out by loudspeakers by Sergeant Oziel Severino. It was an anguishing wait in the bleachers, waiting to hear their name and knowing that they were going towards torture.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #808080;\"><em>At some point, everyone saw the groups of detainees who left for the Cycle track in the mornings come back. They returned with difficulty walking, injured, leaning on their companions, limping. Some, returned on improvised stretchers made of blankets, carried by their own companions, while others would not come back, being taken directly to the field hospital. Some , would never return.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"vc-row-container container\"><div class=\"vc_row wpb_row vc_row-fluid\"><div class=\"wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-12\"><div class=\"vc_column-inner\"><div class=\"wpb_wrapper\"><div class=\"vc_empty_space\"   style=\"height: 50px\"><span class=\"vc_empty_space_inner\"><\/span><\/div><div class=\"vc_btn3-container vc_btn3-center vc_do_btn\" ><a style=\"background-color:#ffab00; color:#ffffff;\" class=\"vc_general vc_btn3 vc_btn3-size-md vc_btn3-shape-square vc_btn3-style-custom\" href=\"https:\/\/www.memoriaestadionacional.cl\/sitios\/\" title=\"\">VOLVER<\/a><\/div><div class=\"vc_empty_space\"   style=\"height: 50px\"><span class=\"vc_empty_space_inner\"><\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"AUDIOGU\u00cdA Grader\u00edas [SITIOS DE MEMORIA]","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-8033","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.memoriaestadionacional.cl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/8033","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.memoriaestadionacional.cl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.memoriaestadionacional.cl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.memoriaestadionacional.cl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.memoriaestadionacional.cl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8033"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.memoriaestadionacional.cl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/8033\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":15336,"href":"https:\/\/www.memoriaestadionacional.cl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/8033\/revisions\/15336"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.memoriaestadionacional.cl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8033"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}